normal displacement

Variation trends of friction coefficient at start-up to loading time was similar to that for normal displacement.

加载时法向位移和滑行时启动摩擦系数具有类似的变化趋势。

The normal contact force, normal displacement constraint, and tangent friction force are applied through penalty method. With the realization of contact treatment for complex problems, EFG codes for complicated metal forming process are developed, and their qualities are examined through several examples.

接触点处的法向接触力、法向位移约束及切向摩擦力采用了罚函数法进行施加，进而实现了对复杂问题的接触处理。

The amending tangential displacement method is put forward toward the amend-ing normal displacement of stick contact to prevent the inset on the surface of a mixed ele-ment of displacement and force of Coulomb friction contact.

针对Coulomb摩擦接触问题的位移-力混合接触单元，为了防止接触面嵌入量太大，对于粘接状态在修正接触边界法向位移的同时，提出了一种修正切向位移的方法；

Normal displacement between the bovine cartilages increased nonlinearly with loading time.

结果表明：上、下软骨间的法向位移与加载时间呈非线性增加；

The imperfect interface with a continuous normal displacement and a jumped tangential displacement is called a sliding interface.

只有切线方向的位移间断，而法线方向位移连续的弱界面称之为滑动界面。